abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many aspects of human biology. They target mRNAs for translational repression or degradation through base pairing with 3' untranslated regions, primarily via seed sequences (nucleotides 2 to 8 in the mature miRNA sequence). A number of individual miRNAs and miRNA families share seed sequenc...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Rottiers V,Obad S,Petri A,McGarrah R,Lindholm MW,Black JC,Sinha S,Goody RJ,Lawrence MS,deLemos AS,Hansen HF,Whittaker S,Henry S,Brookes R,Najafi-Shoushtari SH,Chung RT,Whetstine JR,Gerszten RE,Kauppinen S,Näär AM

更新日期：2013-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In severe spinal cord injuries, the tracts conveying motor commands to the spinal cord are disrupted, resulting in paralysis, but many patients still have small numbers of spared fibers. We have found that excitatory deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), an important control center ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Bachmann LC,Matis A,Lindau NT,Felder P,Gullo M,Schwab ME

更新日期：2013-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Down syndrome (DS) is among the most frequent genetic causes of intellectual disability, and ameliorating this deficit is a major goal in support of people with trisomy 21. The Ts65Dn mouse recapitulates some major brain structural and behavioral phenotypes of DS, including reduced size and cellularity of the cerebell...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Das I,Park JM,Shin JH,Jeon SK,Lorenzi H,Linden DJ,Worley PF,Reeves RH

更新日期：2013-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor escape from immune-mediated destruction has been associated with immunosuppressive mechanisms that inhibit T cell activation. Although evidence for an active immune response, including infiltration with CD8(+) T cells, can be found in a subset of patients, those tumors are nonetheless not immunologically rejecte...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Spranger S,Spaapen RM,Zha Y,Williams J,Meng Y,Ha TT,Gajewski TF

更新日期：2013-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and tumor progression. However, cancer patients treated with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRIs) frequently develop acneiform skin toxicities, which are a strong predictor of a patient's treatment response. We show that the early inflammato...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Lichtenberger BM,Gerber PA,Holcmann M,Buhren BA,Amberg N,Smolle V,Schrumpf H,Boelke E,Ansari P,Mackenzie C,Wollenberg A,Kislat A,Fischer JW,Röck K,Harder J,Schröder JM,Homey B,Sibilia M

更新日期：2013-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In humans, exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) is associated with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC). Exome sequencing of UTUCs from 19 individuals with documented exposure to AA revealed a remarkably large number of somatic mutations and an unusual mutational signature attributable to AA. Most of t...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Hoang ML,Chen CH,Sidorenko VS,He J,Dickman KG,Yun BH,Moriya M,Niknafs N,Douville C,Karchin R,Turesky RJ,Pu YS,Vogelstein B,Papadopoulos N,Grollman AP,Kinzler KW,Rosenquist TA

更新日期：2013-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder of childhood characterized by immune-mediated destruction of platelets. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ITP and the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in this disorder remain unclear. We show that monocytes from patients with...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Sehgal K,Guo X,Koduru S,Shah A,Lin A,Yan X,Dhodapkar KM

更新日期：2013-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Bactericidal antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action induce generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in mammalian cells (Kalghatgi et al., this issue). ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Chandel NS,Budinger GR

更新日期：2013-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is hypothesized to be caused by an overproduction or reduced clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) caused by mutations in the presenilin (PSEN) gene have been postulated to result from increased production of Aβ42 compared to Aβ40 in the central nervous system (CNS)...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Potter R,Patterson BW,Elbert DL,Ovod V,Kasten T,Sigurdson W,Mawuenyega K,Blazey T,Goate A,Chott R,Yarasheski KE,Holtzman DM,Morris JC,Benzinger TL,Bateman RJ

更新日期：2013-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) results from a robust response of donor T cells transferred during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to allogeneic peptide-major histocompatibility complex antigens. Previous investigations have not identified T cell subsets that selectively mediate either protectiv...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Morris GP,Uy GL,Donermeyer D,Dipersio JF,Allen PM

更新日期：2013-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Sunitinib malate is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of human malignancies. A substantial number of sunitinib-treated patients develop cardiac dysfunction, but the mechanism of sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity is poorly understood. We show that mice treated with sunitinib develo...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Chintalgattu V,Rees ML,Culver JC,Goel A,Jiffar T,Zhang J,Dunner K Jr,Pati S,Bankson JA,Pasqualini R,Arap W,Bryan NS,Taegtmeyer H,Langley RR,Yao H,Kupferman ME,Entman ML,Dickinson ME,Khakoo AY

更新日期：2013-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma is a clinically heterogeneous genetic disease, and its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Genome-wide association studies link ORM (yeast)-Like protein isoform 3 [corrected] (ORMDL3), a member of the ORM gene family, to nonallergic childhood-onset asthma. Orm proteins negatively regulate sphingolipid (SL)...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Worgall TS,Veerappan A,Sung B,Kim BI,Weiner E,Bholah R,Silver RB,Jiang XC,Worgall S

更新日期：2013-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged life expectancy in the 20th century has been one of humankind's greatest triumphs. However, the substantial increase in the human life span has ushered in a new concern: healthy aging. Because infectious diseases prominently contribute to morbidity in the particularly vulnerable elderly population, strategie...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Boraschi D,Aguado MT,Dutel C,Goronzy J,Louis J,Grubeck-Loebenstein B,Rappuoli R,Del Giudice G

更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer research integrated a physical sciences perspective through team science, which fostered communication, trust, joint publication, and open access to data. ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Kuhn NZ,Nagahara LA

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A rare neurodevelopmental disorder in the Old Order Mennonite population called PMSE (polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, and symptomatic epilepsy syndrome; also called Pretzel syndrome) is characterized by infantile-onset epilepsy, neurocognitive delay, craniofacial dysmorphism, and histopathological evidence of heteroto...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Parker WE,Orlova KA,Parker WH,Birnbaum JF,Krymskaya VP,Goncharov DA,Baybis M,Helfferich J,Okochi K,Strauss KA,Crino PB

更新日期：2013-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The amyloid-forming proteins tau, αB crystallin, and amyloid P protein are all found in lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our previous work established that amyloidogenic peptides from the small heat shock protein αB crystallin (HspB5) and from amyloid β fibrils, characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, were therapeut...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Kurnellas MP,Adams CM,Sobel RA,Steinman L,Rothbard JB

更新日期：2013-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein replacement therapies for rare monogenic diseases have a higher probability of regulatory approval compared with biologics, small molecules, and grant-funded orphan drugs. ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Gorzelany JA,de Souza MP

更新日期：2013-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Adults with relapsed B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) have a dismal prognosis. Only those patients able to achieve a second remission with no minimal residual disease (MRD) have a hope for long-term survival in the context of a subsequent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We ha...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Brentjens RJ,Davila ML,Riviere I,Park J,Wang X,Cowell LG,Bartido S,Stefanski J,Taylor C,Olszewska M,Borquez-Ojeda O,Qu J,Wasielewska T,He Q,Bernal Y,Rijo IV,Hedvat C,Kobos R,Curran K,Steinherz P,Jurcic J,Rosenbl

更新日期：2013-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative condition that afflicts more than 70% of the population between 55 and 77 years of age. Although its prevalence is rising globally with aging of the population, current therapy is limited to symptomatic relief and, in severe cases, joint replacement surgery. We report that ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Ruan MZ,Erez A,Guse K,Dawson B,Bertin T,Chen Y,Jiang MM,Yustein J,Gannon F,Lee BH

更新日期：2013-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Urea, the toxic end product of protein catabolism, is elevated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), although it is unclear whether or how it contributes to disease. Urea can promote the carbamylation of proteins on multiple lysine side chains, including human albumin, which has a predominant carbamylation site on Lys(54...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Berg AH,Drechsler C,Wenger J,Buccafusca R,Hod T,Kalim S,Ramma W,Parikh SM,Steen H,Friedman DJ,Danziger J,Wanner C,Thadhani R,Karumanchi SA

更新日期：2013-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified family of heterogeneous immune cells that can be divided into three groups based on their differential developmental requirements and expression of effector cytokines. Among these, group 2 ILCs produce the type 2 cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13 and promot...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Kim BS,Siracusa MC,Saenz SA,Noti M,Monticelli LA,Sonnenberg GF,Hepworth MR,Van Voorhees AS,Comeau MR,Artis D

更新日期：2013-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Metastasis is the major cause of cancer mortality. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms driving this complex multistep process will aid in the identification and characterization of therapeutically targetable genetic drivers of disease progression. We demonstrate that KLF6-SV1, an oncogenic splice variant o...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Hatami R,Sieuwerts AM,Izadmehr S,Yao Z,Qiao RF,Papa L,Look MP,Smid M,Ohlssen J,Levine AC,Germain D,Burstein D,Kirschenbaum A,DiFeo A,Foekens JA,Narla G

更新日期：2013-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Children who survive preterm birth exhibit persistent unexplained disturbances in cerebral cortical growth with associated cognitive and learning disabilities. The mechanisms underlying these deficits remain elusive. We used ex vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate in a preterm large-animal model th...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Dean JM,McClendon E,Hansen K,Azimi-Zonooz A,Chen K,Riddle A,Gong X,Sharifnia E,Hagen M,Ahmad T,Leigland LA,Hohimer AR,Kroenke CD,Back SA

更新日期：2013-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Canavan disease is a hereditary leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the aspartoacylase gene (ASPA), leading to loss of enzyme activity and increased concentrations of the substrate N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in the brain. Accumulation of NAA results in spongiform degeneration of white matter and severe impairment of p...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Leone P,Shera D,McPhee SW,Francis JS,Kolodny EH,Bilaniuk LT,Wang DJ,Assadi M,Goldfarb O,Goldman HW,Freese A,Young D,During MJ,Samulski RJ,Janson CG

更新日期：2012-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a distinctive member of the FGF family with potent beneficial effects on lipid, body weight, and glucose metabolism and has attracted considerable interest as a potential therapeutic for treating diabetes and obesity. As an alternative to native FGF21, we have developed a monoclo...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Foltz IN,Hu S,King C,Wu X,Yang C,Wang W,Weiszmann J,Stevens J,Chen JS,Nuanmanee N,Gupte J,Komorowski R,Sekirov L,Hager T,Arora T,Ge H,Baribault H,Wang F,Sheng J,Karow M,Wang M,Luo Y,McKeehan W,Wang Z,Vénia

更新日期：2012-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Retention and use, without explicit parental permission, of residual dried blood samples from newborn screening has generated public controversy over concerns about violations of family privacy rights and loss of parental autonomy. The public debate about this issue has included little discussion a...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Lewis MH,Scheurer ME,Green RC,McGuire AL

更新日期：2012-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of suspect goods and services has burgeoned because of the Internet. Despite very limited approval for use, DTC stem cell-marketed "treatments" have emerged for an array of conditions, creating global public health and safety risks. However, it remains unclear whether such use of s...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Liang BA,Mackey TK

更新日期：2012-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain begins to occur years before the clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Before Aβ aggregation, concentrations of extracellular soluble Aβ in the interstitial fluid (ISF) space of the brain, which are regulated by neuronal activity and the sleep-wake cycle, correlate with...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Roh JH,Huang Y,Bero AW,Kasten T,Stewart FR,Bateman RJ,Holtzman DM

更新日期：2012-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A set of principles is proposed for sponsors and developers of research computing applications that can increase the likelihood of successful adoption by researchers. ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Masys DR,Harris PA,Fearn PA,Kohane IS

更新日期：2012-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The antiatherogenic drug nicotinic acid (niacin) has antidyslipidemic effects independent of free fatty acid suppression mediated by its receptor HCA₂ (GPR109A) (Lauring et al., this issue). ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Offermanns S

更新日期：2012-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Buprenorphine, a synthetic opioid that acts at both μ and κ opioid receptors, can decrease cocaine use in individuals with opioid addiction. However, the potent agonist action of buprenorphine at μ opioid receptors raises its potential for creating opioid dependence in non-opioid-dependent cocaine abusers. Here, we te...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Wee S,Vendruscolo LF,Misra KK,Schlosburg JE,Koob GF

更新日期：2012-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Limited treatment options exist for patients who suffer from a painful bladder condition known as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Whether given systemically (orally) or by short-duration (1 to 2 hours) exposure via intravesical instillation, therapeutic agents have exhibited poor efficacy because...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Nickel JC,Jain P,Shore N,Anderson J,Giesing D,Lee H,Kim G,Daniel K,White S,Larrivee-Elkins C,Lekstrom-Himes J,Cima M

更新日期：2012-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer is more deadly than colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined, and treatment improvements have failed to improve prognosis significantly. Here, we identify a critical mediator of lung cancer progression, Rac1b, a tumor-associated protein with cell-transforming properties that are linked to the matrix me...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Stallings-Mann ML,Waldmann J,Zhang Y,Miller E,Gauthier ML,Visscher DW,Downey GP,Radisky ES,Fields AP,Radisky DC

更新日期：2012-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:If discovery of new antibiotics continues to falter while resistance to drugs in clinical use continues to spread, society's medicine chest will soon lack effective treatments for many infections. Heritable antibiotic resistance emerges in bacteria from nonheritable resistance, also called phenotypic tolerance. This w...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Nathan C

更新日期：2012-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:MG53 promotes sarcolemmal repair in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Weisleder et al., this issue) and identifies a new protein therapeutic for muscle disease. ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Burkin DJ,Wuebbles RD

更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is effective at triggering inflammation and eliciting successful tumor immunity in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, with 50 to 70% clinical response. Therapeutic success relies on repeated instillations of live BCG administered as...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Biot C,Rentsch CA,Gsponer JR,Birkhäuser FD,Jusforgues-Saklani H,Lemaître F,Auriau C,Bachmann A,Bousso P,Demangel C,Peduto L,Thalmann GN,Albert ML

更新日期：2012-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms by which some HIV-infected subjects resist disease progression, whereas others progress rapidly, are incompletely understood. Viral and host genetic factors, such as nef deletions and major histocompatibility complex alleles, explain a portion of the observed variability. However, it has been difficult ...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Hartigan-O'Connor DJ,Abel K,Van Rompay KK,Kanwar B,McCune JM

更新日期：2012-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Case fatality rates for severe malaria remain high even in the best clinical settings because antimalarial drugs act against the parasite without alleviating life-threatening inflammation. We assessed the potential for host-directed therapy of severe malaria of a new class of anti-inflammatory drugs, the innate defens...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Achtman AH,Pilat S,Law CW,Lynn DJ,Janot L,Mayer ML,Ma S,Kindrachuk J,Finlay BB,Brinkman FS,Smyth GK,Hancock RE,Schofield L

更新日期：2012-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) causes ~80% of primary and metastatic Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs). By comparing digital transcriptome subtraction deep-sequencing profiles, we found that transcripts of the cellular survivin oncoprotein [BIRC5a (baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5)] were up-regulated...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Arora R,Shuda M,Guastafierro A,Feng H,Toptan T,Tolstov Y,Normolle D,Vollmer LL,Vogt A,Dömling A,Brodsky JL,Chang Y,Moore PS

更新日期：2012-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidating the factors that impinge on the stability of bacterial communities in the vagina may help in predicting the risk of diseases that affect women's health. Here, we describe the temporal dynamics of the composition of vaginal bacterial communities in 32 reproductive-age women over a 16-week period. The analys...

journal_title：Science translational medicine

authors： Gajer P,Brotman RM,Bai G,Sakamoto J,Schütte UM,Zhong X,Koenig SS,Fu L,Ma ZS,Zhou X,Abdo Z,Forney LJ,Ravel J

更新日期：2012-05-02 00:00:00